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Solution to the activities in the photocopy I gave you the first day

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Unit 1: Assessment criteria



  1. Identify the different levels of organisation of living things, define the concept of biomolecule and recognise both organic and inorganic biomolecules.
  2. Recognise human cells as heterotrophic and eukaryotic and define these concepts
  3. Explain how a multicellular organism grows.
  4. Explain the process of cell differentiation.
  5. Explain what a stem cell is and what we can use them for in Medicines.
  6. Given a diagram of a cell, recognize the organelles , explain their functions and describe their structure.
  7. Explain what a tissue, an organ and a system are and give examples of each level of organization.
  8. Classify and describe the function of the different kinds of human tissues.
  9. Given an image of a tissue, recognise the type of tissue.
  10. Know the main characteristics of optical and electron microscopes.
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    Unit 1: The organizaton of the human body

    The human cell and organelles

    Cell model and organelles 1

    Cell model and organelles 2

    Inside an amazing cell

    Flash cards

    Video

    STRUCTURE
    FUNCTION
    CELL MEMBRANE
    		 Thin elastic layer.
    It controls which substances go in and out.
    It detecs stimuli.
    It communicates with others cells.
    CYTOPLASM
    		 Gel-like substance.
    It contains the organelles.
    Chemical reactions take place here.
    RIBOSOMES
    Composed of two sub-units.
    Don't have membrane.    		 They make (synthesise) proteins.
    ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
    Interconnected sacs and canals.
    Rough ER has ribosomes attached to the membrane.
    Smooth: Synthesis of some hormones and lipids.
    Breakdown of toxins in liver cells.
    Rough: Stores and transports proteins.
    GOLGI BODY/APPARATUS
    		 Net-like stacks of flattened membranous sacs with vesicles. It transports substances from the ER by means of the vesicles.
    LYSOSOMES
    		 Small vesicles with a single membrane They have digestive substances that break down large food partricles into smaller ones
    MITOCHONDRIA
    Double membrane.
    The inner one is folded forming cristae.    		 Cellular respiration (nutrients are converted to energy)
    VACUOLE (MEMBRANOUS VESICLE)
    		 Membranous sacs. It stores nutrients, waste and other materials.
    CENTRIOLES
    		 Two hollow cylinders composed of filaments They organize the separation of chromosomes during cell division.
    CYTOSKELETON
    		 Series of long, thin filaments (microtubules)
    It holds the organelles.
    It gives shape to hte cell.
    It allows movement (cilia and flagella).
    NUCLEUS
    Nuclear membrane with pores.
    DNA (contains hereditary information for the life of the cell). It can be seen as chromatin (DNA+ proteins) or chromosomes.
    Nucleolus: produces ribosomes.


    		 It controls the activities of the cell.
    Human tissues
    A tissue is a family of cells that live very close together, and work hard to do the same jobs. Many tissues come together to form what biologists call an organ. Organs then work together to form a system, and eventually the entire body of a lifeform. 
    http://e2bn.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biology/pc/learningsteps/OLTLC/launch.html 
    TISSUE FUNCTION
    Epithelial/epithelium

    		 It covers the external surface of the body.
    It covers the interior of the ducts and hollow organs.

    Muscle    		 Muscle fibres are contractile. They move the skeletal system and the walls of different organs.
    Nerve

    		 Neurons receive and respond to stimuli.
    They control the activity of the organism.
    Connective (cells separated by matrix) Conjuctive Joins and links other tissues.
    Cartilaginous Hold together the soft parts of the body.
    Fatty Stores energy and provides thermal insulation
    Bone Provides support ans protects vital organs
    Blood Transports substances.
     


    Organs and systems
    SYSTEM ORGANS FUNCTION
    Digestive Liver, stomach, pancreas, intestine It breaks down food into nutrients
    Respiratory Lungs, trachea It obtains O2 and expels CO2
    Circulatory Heart, blood vessels It takes food to the cells and remove waste from them
    Lymphatic Lymph vessels It colaborates with the circulatory system
    Excretion Kidney It removes the waste from the blood
    Nervous Brain, nerves, eye It receives stimuli and elaborates a response
    Endocrine Thyroid gland It makes hormones
    Muscular Biceps, triceps It produces movements.
    Skeletal Cranium, clavicle, tibia It produces movements.
    It holds together our body.
    It gives protection to some organs.
    Female reproductive Uterus, ovary It makes new individuals.
    Male reproductive Testicles, penis It makes new individuals



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