Vaccines

1. Write the name of the six different types of vaccines and breifly describe the mechanism used to create it.
2. Create, at least, one vaccine in this virtual laboratory and explain the process (step by step) in your notebook.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/making-vaccines.html

Assessment criteria

1. To define the concept of health according to the WHO.
2. To define the concept of illness.
3. To define the concept of contagious illness.
4. To differentiate infectious diseases from non-infectious ones and to give examples of both types.
5. To know the mechanisms (direct or indirect) of transmission of the infectious diseases.
6. To know the pathogenic agents that cause infectious diseases and to give examples of illnesses produced by them (three for bacteria and virus and two for protozoa and fungi).
7. To explain the difference between endemic, epidemic and pandemic.
8. To know the different types of white blood cell and the mechanism they use to defend us.
9. To explain all the stages in the defence system:
   1. External barriers.
   2. Phagocytosis.
   3. Inflammation.
   4. Specific defence system (lymphocytes-antibodies).
10. To explain how vaccines work.
11. To know the main treatments for each type of illness: antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, specific drugs and transplants (autograft, homografts and xenografts).
12. To explain what a resistant bacteria is and how people contribute to create these superbugs.
13. To know what these scientists discovered about infectious diseases: Anton Van Leeuwenhoek, Edward Jenner, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch and Alexander Fleming.

Assessment criteria: Interaction part I

1. Describe the stages in the interaction function: stimuli, receptors, coordination, effectors, response.
2. Define the concepts of stimulus, response, receptor, meninges, sense organ, and effector.
3. State the type of receptor in the different sense organs.
4. Know the parts of the sense organs and their function.
5. Know the parts of a neuron and the mechanism of transmission of the nerve impulse.
6. Give three examples of neurotransmitters and the functions affected.
7. Know and locate the parts of the central nervous system and explain their functions:
   1. Encephalon
      1. Brain stem
      2. Cerebellum
      3. Hypothalamus
      4. Pituitary gland/hypophysis
      5. Amygdala
      6. Brain/Cerebrum/cerebral cortex
         1. Frontal lobe
         2. Parietal lobe
         3. Temporal lobe
         4. Occipital lobe
   2. Spinal cord.
8. Differentiate between gray and white matter.
9. Know the parts of the peripheral nervous system, their functions and how it is organized.
   1. Explain what ganglia are.
   2. Explain what nerves are.
   3. Differentiate between a cranial nerve and a spinal one.
   4. Differentiate between a sensory nerve and a motor one.
   5. Differentiate between a sensory neuron, a motor neuron and an interneuron.
   6. Explain the functions of the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
   7. Differentiate between the parasympathetic system and the sympathetic system and to know some of the actions triggered by the latter.
10. Thoroughly explain how a reflex action takes place.
11. Given a situation in which a person is carrying out the interaction function, thoroughly explain all the processes that are taking place.