Vaccines

1. Write the name of the six different types of vaccines and breifly describe the mechanism used to create it.
2. Create, at least, one vaccine in this virtual laboratory and explain the process (step by step) in your notebook.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/making-vaccines.html

Assessment criteria

1. To define the concept of health according to the WHO.
2. To define the concept of illness.
3. To define the concept of contagious illness.
4. To differentiate infectious diseases from non-infectious ones and to give examples of both types.
5. To know the mechanisms (direct or indirect) of transmission of the infectious diseases.
6. To know the pathogenic agents that cause infectious diseases and to give examples of illnesses produced by them (three for bacteria and virus and two for protozoa and fungi).
7. To explain the difference between endemic, epidemic and pandemic.
8. To know the different types of white blood cell and the mechanism they use to defend us.
9. To explain all the stages in the defence system:
   1. External barriers.
   2. Phagocytosis.
   3. Inflammation.
   4. Specific defence system (lymphocytes-antibodies).
10. To explain how vaccines work.
11. To know the main treatments for each type of illness: antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, specific drugs and transplants (autograft, homografts and xenografts).
12. To explain what a resistant bacteria is and how people contribute to create these superbugs.
13. To know what these scientists discovered about infectious diseases: Anton Van Leeuwenhoek, Edward Jenner, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch and Alexander Fleming.

Assessment criteria: Interaction part I

1. Describe the stages in the interaction function: stimuli, receptors, coordination, effectors, response.
2. Define the concepts of stimulus, response, receptor, meninges, sense organ, and effector.
3. State the type of receptor in the different sense organs.
4. Know the parts of the sense organs and their function.
5. Know the parts of a neuron and the mechanism of transmission of the nerve impulse.
6. Give three examples of neurotransmitters and the functions affected.
7. Know and locate the parts of the central nervous system and explain their functions:
   1. Encephalon
      1. Brain stem
      2. Cerebellum
      3. Hypothalamus
      4. Pituitary gland/hypophysis
      5. Amygdala
      6. Brain/Cerebrum/cerebral cortex
         1. Frontal lobe
         2. Parietal lobe
         3. Temporal lobe
         4. Occipital lobe
   2. Spinal cord.
8. Differentiate between gray and white matter.
9. Know the parts of the peripheral nervous system, their functions and how it is organized.
   1. Explain what ganglia are.
   2. Explain what nerves are.
   3. Differentiate between a cranial nerve and a spinal one.
   4. Differentiate between a sensory nerve and a motor one.
   5. Differentiate between a sensory neuron, a motor neuron and an interneuron.
   6. Explain the functions of the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
   7. Differentiate between the parasympathetic system and the sympathetic system and to know some of the actions triggered by the latter.
10. Thoroughly explain how a reflex action takes place.
11. Given a situation in which a person is carrying out the interaction function, thoroughly explain all the processes that are taking place.

The interaction function

Endocrine System
Presentation

Spinal nerves: they emerge from the spinal cord.

 THIBODEAU/PATTON.Estructura y función del cuerpo humano. Editorial Harcourt Brace.

THIBODEAU/PATTON.Estructura y función del cuerpo humano. Editorial Harcourt Brace.

The meninges (singular meninx from the Greek μῆνιγξ, "membrane"^[1]) is the system of membranes which envelopes the central nervous system. In mammals, the meninges consist of three layers: the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. The primary function of the meninges and of the cerebrospinal fluid is to protect the central nervous system.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meninges

There are two parts in the peripheral nervous system:

• The somatic NS: connects the sensory organs with the central nervous system and this in turn with the skeletal muscles. It controls the voluntary actions.
• The autonomic(or involuntary) NS: responsible for controlling involuntary body functions.

The parasympathetic system returns the body functions to normal after they have been altered by sympathetic stimulation. In times of danger, the sympathetic system prepares the body for violent activity. The parasympathetic system reverses these changes when the danger is over.
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/PNS.html

The circulatory system

Blood vessels:veins

http://etveinclinic.com/FAQ.html

The heart

See exactly how your heart pumps blood throughout your body and learn astounding facts about the human heart. Map of the Human Heart


A heart working. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/ocr_gateway/ourselves/0_fit_for_life1.shtml


Homework:
By-pass heart surgery game: http://www.abc.net.au/science/lcs/heart.htm In this interactive you are a surgeon performing coronary bypass surgery, one of the most invasive of all medical procedures. Do you have what it takes to perform under pressure?
1. How many doctors and what type do you need for the surgery?
2. Briefly describe each step of the surgery.

Another game 

http://www.paisdelosjuegos.es/juego/m%C3%A9dicos/heart+surgery.html